Comparison on Skin Permeability of Corydalis Rhizoma Total Alkaloid Patches at Shenque Acupoint and Non-acupoint Administration / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo compare the differences in resistance and structure of skin between acupoints and non-acupoints， and to study the difference in skin permeability characteristics of Corydalis Rhizoma total alkaloid patches （CTTP） after administration at Shenque acupoint and non-acupoint， so as to provide experimental support for its clinical acupoint application to prevent and treat chronic pain. MethodTaking corydaline （CD）， tetrahydropalmatine （THP） and corydalis L （CDL） as evaluation indexes， and the quantitative analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The mobile phase was methanol-0.04 mol·L-1 phosphoric acid aqueous solution （70∶30， pH 6.0 adjusted with triethylamine）， the detection wavelength was 281 nm. In vitro transdermal test in Franz diffusion cell and in vivo transdermal test were used to study the skin permeability characteristics of CTTP through Shenque acupoint and non-acupoint administration. At the same time， the skin resistance between Shenque acupoint and non-acupoint was measured before and after the administration， and the distribution of the drug in each layer of the skin was compared by freezing sectioning， and visual verification was performed with fluorescence inverted microscope. ResultAfter 24 h of administration， the results of in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the cumulative permeation and retention of CD， THP and CDL at Shenque acupoint skin were higher than those at non-acupoint skin （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the skin resistance of Shenque acupoint was lower than that of non-acupoint at all time points. The fluorescence microscopic observation results showed that the drug content of each layer of the skin was all Shenque acupoint>non-acupoint， indicating that the skin of Shenque acupoint had better effect on drug penetration and storage than non-acupoint. ConclusionThe 24 h cumulative permeation and retention of CTTP in Shenque acupoint skin are higher than those in non-acupoint skin， and the mechanism may be related to the thin skin， low electrical resistance and large number of hair follicle bodies at Shenque acupoint.

Comparison on Skin Permeability of Corydalis Rhizoma Total Alkaloid Patches at Shenque Acupoint and Non-acupoint Administration / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo compare the differences in resistance and structure of skin between acupoints and non-acupoints， and to study the difference in skin permeability characteristics of Corydalis Rhizoma total alkaloid patches （CTTP） after administration at Shenque acupoint and non-acupoint， so as to provide experimental support for its clinical acupoint application to prevent and treat chronic pain. MethodTaking corydaline （CD）， tetrahydropalmatine （THP） and corydalis L （CDL） as evaluation indexes， and the quantitative analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The mobile phase was methanol-0.04 mol·L-1 phosphoric acid aqueous solution （70∶30， pH 6.0 adjusted with triethylamine）， the detection wavelength was 281 nm. In vitro transdermal test in Franz diffusion cell and in vivo transdermal test were used to study the skin permeability characteristics of CTTP through Shenque acupoint and non-acupoint administration. At the same time， the skin resistance between Shenque acupoint and non-acupoint was measured before and after the administration， and the distribution of the drug in each layer of the skin was compared by freezing sectioning， and visual verification was performed with fluorescence inverted microscope. ResultAfter 24 h of administration， the results of in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the cumulative permeation and retention of CD， THP and CDL at Shenque acupoint skin were higher than those at non-acupoint skin （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the skin resistance of Shenque acupoint was lower than that of non-acupoint at all time points. The fluorescence microscopic observation results showed that the drug content of each layer of the skin was all Shenque acupoint>non-acupoint， indicating that the skin of Shenque acupoint had better effect on drug penetration and storage than non-acupoint. ConclusionThe 24 h cumulative permeation and retention of CTTP in Shenque acupoint skin are higher than those in non-acupoint skin， and the mechanism may be related to the thin skin， low electrical resistance and large number of hair follicle bodies at Shenque acupoint.

Study based on ICA of "dorsal attention network" in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy / 生物医学工程学杂志

Many functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have revealed the deactivation phenomenon of default mode network in the patients with epilepsy; however, nearly not any of the reports has focused on the dorsal attention network of epilepsy. In this paper, independent component analysis (ICA) was used to isolate the dorsal attention network of 16 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and of 20 healthy normals; and a goodness-of-fit analysis was applied at the individual subject level to choose the interesting component. Intra-group analysis and inter-group analysis were performed. The results indicated that the dorsal attention network included bilateral intraparietal sulcus, middle frontal gyrus, human frontal eye field, posterior lobe of right cerebellum, etc. The TLE group showed decreased functional connectivity in most of the dorsal attention regions with the predominance in the bilateral intraparietal sulcus, middle frontal gyrus, and posterior lobe of right cerebellum. These data suggested that the intrinsic organization of the brain function might be disrupted in TLE. In addition, the decrease of goodness-of-fit scores suggests that activity in the dorsal attention network may ultimately prove a sensitive biomarker for TLE.

The box-dimension-based localization of neuronal structures in pallidotomy for treatment of Parkinson's disease / 生物医学工程学杂志

Currently, the intraoperative location of microelectrode position in the globus pallidus is subjective and qualitative; it only depends on the experience of doctors during pallidotomy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The fractal characteristic of neuronal discharge signals is analyzed for target localization; the factor of box dimension is extracted from the microelectrode recordings for identifying the neuronal structures at the depth of microelectrode. New objective and quantitative targeting technique is presented by processing clinical microelelctrode recordings of Parkinson's disease. Through the validation of clinical data and the critical appraisal by experts, the targeting technique can be used for improving the accuracy of localization in neurosurgery.

A method based on regression analysis for detecting functional connectivity of human brain / 生物医学工程学杂志

In this paper is proposed a new method for functional connectivity detection using regression analysis. First, the resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from each voxel is passed through a bandpass filter to obtain frequencies between 0.01 Hz and 0.1 Hz. Then, the region of interest (ROI) is defined and the mean time course of all voxels in ROI is used as a regressor. Finally, the linear relationship between the time course of other voxels and the regressor in the resting brain is estimated. By the application of this new method in simulation data and fMRI data, the relevant validity and reliability are demonstrated.

Segmentation of medical images based on dyadic wavelet transform and active contour model / 生物医学工程学杂志

The interference of noise and the weak edge characteristic of symptom information on medical images prevent the traditional methods of segmentation from having good effects. In this paper is proposed a boundary detection method of focus which is based on dyadic wavelet transform and active contour model. In this method, the true edge points are detected by dyadic wavelet transform and linked by improved fast active contour model algorithm. The result of experiment on MRI of brain shows that the method can remove the influence of noise effective and detect the contour of brain tumor actually.

Fractal research of neurite growth in immunofluorescent images / 生物医学工程学杂志

Fractal dimension has been widely used in medical images processing and analysis. The neurite growth of cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was detected by fluorescent immunocytochemistry treated with nerve regeneration factor (0.1, 0.5, 2.0 mg/L). A novel method based on triangular prism surface area (TPSA) was introduced and adopted to calculate the fractal dimension of the two-dimensional immunofluorescent images. Experimental results demonstrate that this method is easy to understand and convenient to operate, and the quantititve results are concordant with the observational findings under microscope. This method can be guidelines for analyzing and deciding experimental results.

The theory and research of near-infrared optical tomography / 生物医学工程学杂志

The fundamental theory and new research of near-infrared optical tomography (NIR OT) were introduced. NIR OT can offer the functional as well as structural information of tissue, so its applications have emerged in areas such as functional imaging of the brain, breast cancer detection, continue monitoring of the brain in babies and any other medical applications. The paper broadly divides the types of NIR OT instruments into three groups: continuous intensity, intensity-modulated and time-resolved instruments. The diffuse function of light propagation through tissue was given, and emphasized on the two distinct solutions to image reconstruction: linear methods based on inverse scattering theory and non-linear methods based on model fitting. Give some advanced work we can do in the future, concurrent NIR OT and other conventional anatomical imaging techniques, such as MRI, CT, research on the presence of anisotropies, contrast agent in NIR OT, three-dimensional image reconstruction. At last enumerate some of the fundamental difficulties involved in NIR OT, such as the intensity matching problem between simulated and experiment data, the boundary effect problem. Although these are often acknowledged, they remain largely unexplored.

Optimization approach to inverse problems in near-infrared optical tomography / 生物医学工程学杂志

In this paper, we introduce an optimization approach to the inverse model of near-infrared optical tomography (NIR OT), which can reconstruct the optical properties, namely the absorption and scattering coefficients of thick tissue such as brain and breast tissues. A modeling and simulation tool, named Femlab and based on finite element methods, has been tested wherein the forward models are based on the diffusion equation. Then the inverse model is soved; this is regarded as an optimization approach, including the tests on difference between the measured data and the predicted data, and the optimization methods of optical properties. The algorithms used for optimization are multi-species Genetic Algorithms based on multi-encoding. At last, the whole strategy for the Femlab and optimization approach is given. The strategy is proved to be sufficient by the simulation results.

A blood speckle reduction method based on wavelet transform of intravascular ultrasound / 生物医学工程学杂志

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has been applied into the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and the relevant intervention therapy more and more widely. However, the frequency of ultrasound must be increased in order to improve the resolution of images, which makes the blood speckle noise increase significantly,decreases the contrast of lumen and arterial wall structure, increases the difficulty to discriminate arterial wall from structures, and makes it inconvenient to diagnose and treat illness. In this paper a wavelet shrinkage method based on local threshold is introduced to reduce blood speckle noise. Results show that the method can remove the speckle noise, keep the edges of image, increase the contrast, and thus is helpful to the identification of the arterial wall and the tissues around.

Estimation of brain tissue's hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) of rats by artificial neural network / 生物医学工程学杂志

A specifically designed fiber optical spectrum system was applied to measure the hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) of living rat's brain tissue. Collections of in vivo visible absorption spectrum measured by the fiber optical spectrometer at different SO2 as well as their corresponding SO2 values measured by OXImeter were made on a kind of tissue model (i. e. the mixture of Intralipid and blood) and were used as the training data of an artificial neural network (ANN) which, after being trained, can put out SO2 value correctly when an absorption spectrum was put in. The SO2 values of 5 living rats' brain tissue at different depth were obtained, and the experimental error range was +/- 5%. This method is of great significance to important value for monitoring hemoglobin oxygen saturation at various depths in brain minimally invasive surgery.

A pyramidal multiphase level set algorithm for multi-object segmentation of 3-D medical images / 生物医学工程学杂志

The Chan and Vese (C-V) model using one level set function can only represent one object and one background by the sign of the level set function and is not able to express multiple sub-objects of the object region in three-dimensional (3-D) medical images. To deal with the problem, the two-dimensional (2-D) C-V model is firstly extended to the 3-D model. Secondly, a key technique,designated as the technique of painting background, ensures that the evolving curve stops only inside the object following the theory of simultaneous brightness contrast. Thirdly, a pyramidal multiphase level set algorithm for segmentation is developed by the 3-D C-V model and the proposed technique. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is able to partition a given image into multiple objects (n-1 level sets for n objects). Also, the algorithm is especially effective for the detection of sub-objects with weak boundaries.

Research of Functional Connectivity Based on Independent Component Analysis and Temporal Correlation Analysis / 中国医学物理学杂志

Objective: Combining spatial independent component analysis (sICA) with temporal correlation analysis to investigate the functional connectivity of human brain using resting state fMRI. Methods: First, activated area was localized by performing sICA on the data from block design run, then one of the activated brain areas was chosen as a region of interest (ROI)and low frequency correlations between ROI and other regions were calculated in resting state to detect the functional connectivity networks. To validate the method, neural connectivity to primary motor cortex was assessed using this method during a resting state. Results: Functional connectivity network of motor cortex was detected, including primary motor cortex (M1), supplementary motor area (SMA), primary sensory cortex (S1), dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and posterior parietal somatosensory association area (PSAAp). The connectivity implied by the resting state correlation was far more similar to the connectivity established by non-imaging methods. Conclusion: Functional connectivity of human motor primary cortex was investigated by combining sICA with temporal correlation using resting fMRI data. It provided a simple and noninvasive method for the research of brain functional connectivity.

Detection of neural spikes based on the combination of wavelet transforms and nonlinear energy operator / 生物医学工程学杂志

The microelectrode recordings of neuron discharge, which contain noises, are very complex and apt to be disturbed by many factors during the microelectrode-guided stereotactic operations. The varying signal-to-noise ratios are obstacles to the analysis of neural spikes. A novel method based on a combination of wavelet-based and non-linear energy operator is presented for the detection of neural spikes. The method is tested for neural signals of different patients and various SNR values. The results demonstrate its performance for successful detection and effective extraction of the waveform of neural spikes.

Data processing of functional magnetic resonance of brain based on statistical parametric mapping / 生物医学工程学杂志

This paper introduces the data processing of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of brain based on statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Because of its excellent spatial resolution and temporal resolution as well as its noninvasive approach with no involvement in the injection of radioactive materials, the fMRI of brain has been widely used by brain researchers in the world. There are four steps in the processing, i. e. reading the raw data, pre-processing, statistical analysis of the data and model estimation. The pre-processing includes motion correction, normalization, spatial smoothing and temporal smoothing. The statistical analysis of the data includes building the general linear model. Model estimation includes serial T-test and inspecting the activation region. In this paper, emphases are laid on the new methods in every processing.

A blood speckle reduction method based on temporal-spatial relativity of intravascular ultrasound / 生物医学工程学杂志

The superior imaging manner of intravascular ultrasound becomes more and more widely used in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and intervention therapy. However, as the frequency of ultrasound increases, strong speckled echo signal from blood may significantly decrease the contrast of lumen and arterial wall structure, which may make it difficult for doctor to diferentiate and measure geometrical parameters and physical parameters of lumen and plaque. In this paper a novel noise reduction method is introduced, which utilizes the temporal and spatial information of IUVS, that is blood echo speckles have higher temporal and spatial variation than the arterial wall. When signals transferred into the frequency field, tissue and blood present different frequency spectrum, then a radio of high frequency energy and low frequency energy is introduced to determine speckles or tissue. Result showed that the method can remarkably remove the speckle noise, increase the contrast and help doctor differentiate the arterial wall from the around tissues.

Research on a novel watershed algorithm combining with wavelet analysis / 生物医学工程学杂志

Due to noise and irregularity of the gradient image, watershed algorithm used to segment images generally leads to over-segmentation, which is unacceptable. A novel watershed algorithm, which combines with some concepts of wavelet analysis and mathematic morphology, is proposed in this paper. The test shows that this method can solve the problem of over-segmentation and achieve the anticipative goal.

Study of fluoroscopic triggering technique in 3D-dynamic contrast enhancement magnetic resonance angiography / 生物医学工程学杂志

In the examination of 3D DCE-MRA, it is the key of success or failure to measure and compute the delaying scan time accurately. Now, the timing technique used widely in clinic is test injection bolus, which is limited by inadequate perfectibility, limited spatial resolution and technique complexity. In this article is presented a technique in which contrast arrival is detected in the targeted vasculature in real time using MR fluoroscopy. Upon detection the operator triggers a 3D MR angiographic acquisition which uses an elliptical centric view order. It is shown that the view order intrinsically provides a high degree of venous suppression, a high degree of immunity to motion effects and a high degree of spatial resolution. The reliability of fluoroscopic triggering in bolus detection is shown to be over 95%. The technique provides high quality contrast-enhanced MR angiograms for many vascular regions.

The research of noninvasive cardiovascular diagnosis and test instrument / 生物医学工程学杂志

The study of pulse wave, including its quantitative analysis and propagation, is one of the hot topics in the fields of clinical medicine, such as how to detect cardiovascular diseases and make early diagnosis without harm. In this paper are discussed a new type of automatic cardiovascular diagnosis method and the corresponding test instrument. The cardiovascular system parameters can be achieved through the wave changes, related data processing and analyzing. This system includes piezo-film transducer, signal amplifier, data collecting and data analyzing equipment. Various pulse diagrams can be shown in omnidirectional and multifunctional ways. The measurement error can be reduced effectively by introducing Mini-wave analysis in the design of software. The research indicates that combination of this equipment with the traditional Chinese medicine will provide wide practical application.